Mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki yo gupima yakoreshejwe mu kureba aho imvune yacitse no gusesengura uburyo imvune yacitsemo; muri icyo gihe, ikizamini cy’umunaniro cyo kuzunguruka cyakozwe ku bipimo byakuweho karuboni ku bushyuhe butandukanye kugira ngo hagereranywe igihe icyuma gipima kimaze kurangira hamwe n’aho kidakuweho karuboni, no gusesengura ingaruka zo kuvaho karuboni ku mikorere y’icyuma gipima. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko, bitewe n’uko icyuma gishyushye kibaho icyarimwe, imikoranire hagati y’ibyo byombi, bigatuma ubunini bw’icyuma gisukuye neza hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe igaragaza ko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera hanyuma bukagabanuka, ubunini bw’icyuma gisukuye neza bugera ku gaciro ntarengwa ka 120 μm kuri 750 ℃, kandi ubunini bw’icyuma gisukuye neza bugera ku gaciro ntarengwa ka 20 μm kuri 850 ℃, kandi umupaka w’icyuma gipima ni hafi 760 MPa, kandi inkomoko y’imivune y’umunaniro mu cyuma gipima ahanini ni Al2O3 idafite icyuma; Imyitwarire yo gukuramo karubone igabanya cyane igihe cy'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gupima, bigira ingaruka ku musaruro w'icyuma cyo gupima, uko igice cyo gukuramo karubone kirushaho kuba kinini, ni ko igihe cy'umunaniro kigabanuka. Kugira ngo tugabanye ingaruka z'igice cyo gukuramo karubone ku musaruro w'icyuma cyo gupima, ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bw'icyuma cyo gupima bugomba gushyirwa kuri dogere 850°C.
Ibikoresho ni ingenzi mu modokaKubera ko ikoreshwa ku muvuduko mwinshi, igice cy’imashini gishyirwamo umwuka kigomba kugira imbaraga nyinshi kandi kidapfa kwangirika, kandi umuzi w’amenyo ugomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kunama bitewe n’umutwaro uhoraho, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bicikamo ibice. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gukuramo karuboni ari ikintu cy’ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ibikoresho by’icyuma bisohoka, kandi imikorere y’umusaruro w’icyuma ni ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’ubwiza bw’umusaruro, bityo ni ngombwa kwiga imyitwarire yo gukuramo karuboni n’imikorere y’umusaruro w’ibikoresho bigerageza.
Muri iyi nyandiko, itanura rikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubushyuhe ku gipimo cyo gukuraho karubone y'icyuma cya 20CrMnTi, risesengura ubushyuhe butandukanye bushyuha ku bujyakuzimu bw'urwego rw'icyuma cyo gusuzuma ubugari bw'itegeko rihinduka; hakoreshejwe imashini ipima umunaniro ya QBWP-6000J yoroshye ku gipimo cyo gukuraho karubone y'icyuma cyo gusuzuma, kumenya imikorere y'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gusuzuma, no gusesengura ingaruka zo gukuraho karubone ku mikorere y'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gusuzuma ku musaruro nyawo kugira ngo kunoze inzira yo gukora, kongera ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa no gutanga icyitegererezo gikwiye. Imikorere y'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gusuzuma igenwa n'imashini ipima umunaniro wo kuzunguruka.
1. Ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gupima
Ibikoresho byo gupima icyuma gitanga 20CrMnTi cyuma, imiterere y'ingenzi y'imiti nk'uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1. Ikizamini cyo gukuraho karubone: ibikoresho byo gupima bitunganywa mu gipimo cya Ф8 mm × 12 mm cy'ubugari, ubuso bugomba kuba burabagirana nta bizinga. Ifuru yo gutunganya ubushyuhe yashyushywe kugeza kuri 675 ℃, 700 ℃, 725 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1,000 ℃, mu gipimo hanyuma bigumana isaha 1, hanyuma bikonjeshwa n'umwuka kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Nyuma yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'igipimo hakoreshejwe gushyiraho, gusya no gusiga, hamwe na 4% by'umuti wa aside nitrique alcohol, hakoreshejwe mikorosikope ya metallurgike kugira ngo harebwe urwego rw'icyuma cyo gupima, gupima uburebure bw'urwego rwo gukuraho karubone ku bushyuhe butandukanye. Ikizamini cy'umunaniro wo gusimbuka: ibikoresho by'ikizamini hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gutunganya amatsinda abiri y'ibipimo by'umunaniro wo gusimbuka, itsinda rya mbere ntirikora ikizamini cyo gusimbuka, itsinda rya kabiri ry'ikizamini cyo gusimbuka ku bushyuhe butandukanye. Hakoreshejwe imashini ipima umunaniro wo gusimbuka, amatsinda abiri y'icyuma cyo gupima kugira ngo hamenyekane umunaniro wo gusimbuka, kumenya aho amatsinda abiri y'icyuma cyo gupima agarukira, kugereranya igihe umunaniro w'amatsinda abiri y'icyuma cyo gupima, gukoresha microscope ya elegitoroniki yo gupima imvune yo gusimbuka, gusesengura impamvu zatumye ikigereranyo gicika, kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka zo gusimbuka imiterere y'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gupima.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1 Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire (igice cy'uburemere) by'icyuma cyapimwe uburemere%
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bushyuha ku ikoreshwa rya karuboni mu gukuraho karuboni
Imiterere y'imiterere y'isukura mu bushyuhe butandukanye igaragara ku ishusho ya 1. Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho, iyo ubushyuhe buri kuri 675 ℃, ubuso bw'icyitegererezo ntibugaragara nk'urwego rwa desukura; iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse bukagera kuri 700 ℃, urwego rwa desukura mu bushyuhe bwatangiye kugaragara, ku rwego rwa desukura mu bushyuhe bwa ferrite; ubwo ubushyuhe buzamuka bukagera kuri 725 ℃, ubunini bw'urwego rwa desukura mu bushyuhe bwariyongereye cyane; ubunini bw'urwego rwa desukura mu bushyuhe bwa 750 ℃ bugera ku gaciro kabwo ntarengwa, muri iki gihe, ingano ya ferrite iba isobanutse neza, ikomeye; iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse bukagera kuri 800 ℃, ubunini bw'urwego rwa desukura bwatangiye kugabanuka cyane, ubunini bwayo bwagabanutse bukagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cya 750 ℃; iyo ubushyuhe bukomeje kuzamuka bukagera kuri 850 ℃ kandi ubunini bwa desukura bugaragara ku ishusho ya 1. 800 ℃, ubunini bw'urwego rwa desukura bwatangiye kugabanuka cyane, ubunini bwayo bwagabanutse bukagera kuri 750 ℃ iyo kimwe cya kabiri; Iyo ubushyuhe bukomeje kuzamuka bukagera kuri 850 ℃ no hejuru, ubunini bw'urwego rw'icyuma cyageragejwe bukomeza kugabanuka, ubunini bw'urwego rw'igice cya decarburization bwatangiye kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza ubwo imiterere y'urwego rw'igice cya decarburization yose yazimye, imiterere y'urwego rw'igice cya decarburization igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro. Bigaragara ko ubunini bw'urwego rw'igice cya decarburization bwuzuye hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwabanje kwiyongera hanyuma bukagabanuka, impamvu y'iki kintu ni ukubera ko icyitegererezo kiri mu nzira yo gushyushya icyarimwe imyitwarire ya oxidation na decarburization, gusa iyo igipimo cya decarburization cyihuta kuruta umuvuduko wa oxidation kizagaragaramo ikintu cya decarburization. Mu ntangiriro yo gushyushya, ubunini bw'urwego rw'igice cya decarburization bwuzuye bwiyongera buhoro buhoro hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe kugeza ubwo ubunini bw'urwego rw'igice cya decarburization bwuzuye bugera ku gaciro ntarengwa, muri iki gihe kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kwiyongera, igipimo cya oxidation cy'ingero cyihuta kuruta igipimo cya decarburization, bibuza ukwiyongera kw'urwego rw'igice cya decarburization burundu, bigatuma habaho igabanuka. Bigaragara ko, mu rugero rwa dogere 675 ~ 950 ℃, agaciro k'ubugari bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone kuri dogere 750 ℃ ari ko kanini, kandi agaciro k'ubugari bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone kuri dogere 850 ℃ ni ko kari gake cyane, bityo, ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishyushya ni 850 ℃.
Igishushanyo cya 1 Histomorphology y'urwego rw'icyuma cyavuye muri karuboni cyafashwe ku bushyuhe butandukanye mu gihe cy'isaha 1
Ugereranyije n'urwego rwakuweho karubone, ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone bugira ingaruka mbi cyane ku miterere y'ibikoresho, bizagabanya cyane imiterere y'ibikoresho, nko kugabanya imbaraga, ubukana, kudashira no kunanirwa, nibindi, ndetse no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw'ibice, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bwo gusudira nibindi. Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo kunoze imikorere y'ibicuruzwa. Ishusho ya 2 igaragaza ihindagurika ry'ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone hamwe n'ubushyuhe, bigaragaza ihindagurika ry'ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone neza. Bigaragara ku ishusho ko ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone ari hafi 34μm kuri 700℃; ubushyuhe buzamuka bukagera kuri 725℃, ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone buriyongera cyane bukagera kuri 86 μm, bingana n'inshuro zirenga ebyiri z'ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone kuri 700℃; Iyo ubushyuhe buzamuwe bukagera kuri 750 ℃, ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone yose Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze kuri 750 ℃, ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone yose bugera ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 120 μm; uko ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera, ubunini bw'urwego rwakuweho karubone yose butangira kugabanuka cyane, bukagera kuri 70 μm kuri 800 ℃, hanyuma bukagera ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 20 μm kuri 850 ℃.
Igishushanyo 2 Ubunini bw'urwego rwakuwemo karuboni ku bushyuhe butandukanye
Ingaruka zo gukuramo karuboni ku mikorere y'umunaniro mu gusimbuka kw'inyuma
Kugira ngo higwe ingaruka zo gukuramo karubone ku miterere y’umuruho w’icyuma gishyuha, hakozwe amatsinda abiri y’ibizamini by’umuruho bihindagurika, itsinda rya mbere ryari isuzuma ry’umuruho ritabanje gukuramo karubone, naho itsinda rya kabiri ryari isuzuma ry’umuruho nyuma yo gukuramo karubone ku rwego rumwe rw’umuruho (810 MPa), kandi inzira yo gukuramo karubone yabereye kuri 700-850 ℃ mu gihe cy’isaha 1. Itsinda rya mbere ry’ibipimo rigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, ari na yo iherezo ry’umuruho w’icyuma gishyuha.
Igihe cy'umunaniro w'itsinda rya mbere ry'ibipimo bigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, hatabayeho gukurwaho karubone, icyuma cyapimwe cyashyizwemo gusa iminota 107 kuri 810 MPa, kandi nta gucikamo kabiri kwabayeho; igihe urugero rw'umuvuduko rwarengaga 830 MPa, bimwe mu bipimo byatangiye kuvunika; igihe urugero rw'umuvuduko rwarengaga 850 MPa, ibipimo by'umunaniro byose byaravunitse.
Imbonerahamwe ya 2 Ubuzima bw'umunaniro mu byiciro bitandukanye by'imihangayiko (nta guca karubone)
Kugira ngo hamenyekane umupaka w'umunaniro, uburyo bwo mu itsinda bukoreshwa mu kugena umupaka w'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gupima, kandi nyuma yo gusesengura imibare, umupaka w'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gupima ni hafi 760 MPa; kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe cy'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gupima munsi y'imihangayiko itandukanye, umurongo wa SN ushushanyije, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3. Nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3, urwego rw'imihangayiko rutandukanye ruhura n'igihe cy'umunaniro gitandukanye, iyo igihe cy'umunaniro cya 7, gihuye n'umubare w'ingendo za 107, bivuze ko icyitegererezo muri ibi bihe kiri muri iyo mimerere, agaciro k'umuhangayiko gahuye gashobora kwerekezwa nk'agaciro k'imbaraga z'umunaniro, ni ukuvuga 760 MPa. Bigaragara ko umurongo wa S-N ari ingenzi mu kugena igihe cy'umunaniro w'ibikoresho ufite agaciro k'ingenzi.
Ishusho ya 3 SN curve y'igerageza ry'umunaniro wo kuzenguruka kw'icyuma gipima icyuma
Igihe cy'umunaniro w'itsinda rya kabiri ry'ibipimo kigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3. Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3, nyuma y'uko icyuma gipimwe gikozwe mu buryo bwa karuboni ku bushyuhe butandukanye, umubare w'ibyiciro uragabanuka, kandi birenga 107, kandi ingero zose z'umunaniro ziravunika, kandi igihe cy'umunaniro kiragabanuka cyane. Iyo uhujwe n'ubunini bw'urwego rwaciwe karuboni rwavuzwe haruguru hamwe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe, ubunini bw'urwego rwaciwe karuboni rwa 750 ℃ ni bwo bunini, bujyanye n'agaciro gato k'igihe cy'umunaniro. Ubunini bw'urwego rwaciwe karuboni rwa 850 ℃ ni bwo buto, bujyanye n'agaciro k'igihe cy'umunaniro ni bwinshi. Bigaragara ko imyitwarire yo gukura karuboni igabanya cyane imikorere y'umunaniro w'ibikoresho, kandi uko igice cyaciwe karuboni cyakozwe mu buryo bwa karuboni cyaba kinini, ni ko igihe cy'umunaniro kiba gito.
Imbonerahamwe ya 3 Igihe cy'umunaniro ukabije ku bushyuhe butandukanye bwo gukuramo karubone (560 MPa)
Imiterere y'ivunika ry'umunaniro ry'icyitegererezo yagaragaye hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 4. Ishusho ya 4 (a) ku gace gakomokamo ivunika, ishusho igaragara nk'iy'umunaniro, hakurikijwe ivunika kugira ngo haboneke inkomoko y'umunaniro, igaragara nk'iy'ivunika ry'inyunganiramirire, iboneka nk'iy'inyunganiramirire y ...
Isesengura ry'umunaniro wavunitse
Igishushanyo cya 4 Imiterere ya SEM y'ubuso bw'icyuma cyakoreshejwe mu kugerageza gusharira
Kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bw'ibintu bikubiye mu ishusho ya 4, hakozwe isesengura ry'imiterere y'ingufu, kandi ibisubizo bigaragara ku ishusho ya 5. Bigaragara ko ibintu bidafite icyuma ahanini ari ibintu bikubiye mu buryo bwa Al2O3, bigaragaza ko ibintu bikubiye mu buryo ari byo soko nyamukuru y'imiturire iterwa no gucika kw'ibintu bikubiye mu buryo bwazo.
Ishusho ya 5 Ingufu za Spectroscopy z'ibintu bitari iby'icyuma
Umwanzuro
(1) Gushyira ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe kuri 850 ℃ bizagabanya ubunini bw'urwego rwakuwemo karubone kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ku mikorere y'umunaniro.
(2) Umunaniro ntarengwa w'icyuma gipima ni 760 MPa.
(3) Igerageza ry'icyuma gicika mu bintu bitari iby'icyuma, cyane cyane uruvange rwa Al2O3.
(4) gukuraho karubone bigabanya cyane igihe cy'umunaniro w'icyuma cyo gupima, uko urwego rwo gukuraho karubone rurushaho kuba runini, ni ko igihe cy'umunaniro kigabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-21-2024
